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The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, an oil painting by Rembrandt. Terminologia Anatomica (commonly abbreviated TA) is the international standard for human anatomical terminology. It is developed by the Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminology , a program of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA).
Anatomy is often described in planes, referring to two-dimensional sections of the body. A section is a two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut. A plane is an imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body. Three planes are commonly referred to in anatomy and medicine: [1] [2]: 4
Gray's Anatomy is a reference book of human anatomy written by Henry Gray, illustrated by Henry Vandyke Carter and first published in London in 1858. It has had multiple revised editions, and the current edition, the 42nd (October 2020), remains a standard reference, often considered "the doctors' bible ".
Labeled anatomy of the human vulva and nearby structures. The vulva is of all of the external parts and tissues and includes the following: [3] Clitoris: an organ located at the top of the vulva. It consists of the body and its pea-shaped glans that is protected by the clitoral hood.
Regional anatomy is the study of the interrelationships of all of the structures in a specific body region, such as the abdomen. In contrast, systemic anatomy is the study of the structures that make up a discrete body system—that is, a group of structures that work together to perform a unique body function, such as the digestive system. [11]
He drew their "anatomy" with unparalleled mastery, producing the first form of the modern technical drawing, including a perfected "exploded view" technique, to represent internal components. Those studies and projects have been collected in his codices and fill more than 5,000 pages. [34] Leonardo was a master of mechanical principles.
Plant fruit: the fleshy nutritious part of plants that animal dispense by eating independently came about in flowering plants and in some gymnosperms like: ginkgo and cycads. [239] Water transport systems, like vascular plant systems, with water conducting vessels, independently came about in horsetails, club mosses, ferns, and gymnosperms. [240]
[8] [9] Along with the intercalated ducts, they function to modify salivary fluid by secreting HCO 3 − and K + and reabsorbing Na + and Cl − using the Na-K pump and the Cl-HCO 3 pump, making the saliva hypotonic. Their epithelium can be simple cuboidal or simple columnar. [10] Striated ducts are part of the intralobular ducts.