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Free-roaming mustangs (Utah, 2005). Horse behavior is best understood from the view that horses are prey animals with a well-developed fight-or-flight response.Their first reaction to a threat is often to flee, although sometimes they stand their ground and defend themselves or their offspring in cases where flight is untenable, such as when a foal would be threatened.
1860 engraving depicting the performing horse Marocco. A significant portion of medieval technical literature consists of treatises on veterinary care. [S 11] Arab and Muslim scholars made notable contributions to the knowledge of equine medicine, education, [5] and training, in part due to the contributions of the translator Ibn Akhî Hizâm, who wrote around 895, [6] and Ibn al-Awam, who ...
Horse cribbing is an unwanted behavior among horse owners because it can lead to various physical problems. Horses that crib may cause damage to their teeth due to excessive wear.
Equine-assisted therapy acts on the neuromuscular, relational, perceptive, attentional and emotional levels. [3] The horse stimulates various areas: communication (laughter, speech, etc. [7]), relationships with others, motor behavior, attention, action planning, body awareness, self-confidence, relaxation, emotional regulation and sharing of emotions. [8]
However, the experiment showing such actions did not follow the accepted protocol for tests of self-recognition, and earlier attempts to show mirror self-recognition in elephants have failed, so this remains a contentious claim. [85] Elephants are also deemed to show emotion through vocal expression, specifically the rumble vocalization.
Similarly, a horse that neighs a lot when accompanying others, or makes others neigh, is a good sign. Conversely, if a horse neighs a lot while looking around, or if its cry resembles a donkey's bray, then it's a bad omen. [38] A bad horse is one that imitates the cry of a camel, vulture, cat, jackal, dog, crow, monkey or owl. [2]
The horse has a "visual streak", or an area within the retina, linear in shape, with a high concentration of ganglion cells (up to 6100 cells/mm 2 in the visual streak compared to the 150 and 200 cells/mm 2 in the peripheral area). [12] Horses have better acuity when the objects they are looking at fall in this region.
A horse that rears when being handled by a human who is on the ground also presents a hazard, as it is able to strike out with its front feet and can also fall even without the weight of a rider to unbalance the animal. A rearing horse can also break away and escape from a human handler. However, rearing also has survival value in the wild.