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The gluteal muscles include the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae.They cover the lateral surface of the ilium.The gluteus maximus, which forms most of the muscle of the buttocks, originates primarily on the ilium and sacrum and inserts on the gluteal tuberosity of the femur as well as the iliotibial tract, a tract of strong fibrous tissue that runs ...
The pectineus is the only adductor muscle that is innervated by the femoral nerve. The other adductor muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve [1] with the exception of a small part of the adductor magnus which is innervated by the tibial nerve. [4]
Trendelenburg's sign is found in people with weak or paralyzed abductor muscles of the hip, namely gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. [1] It is named after the German surgeon Friedrich Trendelenburg. It is often incorrectly referenced as the Trendelenburg test which is a test for vascular insufficiency in the lower extremities.
Outer hip pain might be caused by one of the gluteal muscles in the hip or tightness in the long band of connective tissue that runs down the leg, called the iliotibial (IT) band.
Trendelenburg gait is caused by weakness or ineffective action of the abductor muscles of the lower limb, the gluteus medius muscle and the gluteus minimus muscle. [4]Damage to the motor nerve supply of the lateral gluteal muscles (gluteus medius muscle and gluteus minimus muscle)
The functions of muscles includes extension, abduction and internal as well as external rotation of the hip joint. The gluteus maximus also supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract. The human gluteus maximus plays multiple important functional roles, particularly in running rather than walking.
This causes the femur to rotate and point the knee laterally. The lateral rotators also oppose medial rotation by the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. When the hip is flexed to 90 degrees, piriformis abducts the femur at the hip and reverses primary function, internally rotating the hip when the hip is flexed at 90 degrees or more. [7]
The lateral rotator group is a group of six small muscles of the hip which all externally (laterally) rotate the femur in the hip joint.It consists of the following muscles: piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris and the obturator externus.