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A laser can be used to split big stones and make it easier to solve it using laparoscopy. [4] If the either of these procedures is unsuccessful, the stone can be removed during surgery through an incision into the bile duct at the location of the stone (called choledocholithotomy).
The gallbladder can also be removed in order to treat biliary dyskinesia or gallbladder cancer. [7] Gallstones are very common but 50–80% of people with gallstones are asymptomatic and do not need surgery; their stones are noticed incidentally on imaging tests of the abdomen (such as ultrasound or CT) done for some other reason. [8]
Lasers are used to treat cancer in several different ways. Their high-intensity light can be used to shrink or destroy tumors or precancerous growths. Lasers are most commonly used to treat superficial cancers (cancers on the surface of the body or the lining of internal organs) such as basal-cell skin cancer and the very early stages of some cancers, such as cervical, penile, vaginal, vulvar ...
Pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy is the surgical removal of the pharynx, larynx and esophagus, usually as a result of cancer of the hypopharynx. Photorefractive keratectomy is the alteration of the cornea by means of a laser. Pinealectomy is the surgical removal of the pineal gland, used often on birds to study circadian rhythms.
Extraction of choledocholithiasis and/or intrahepatic stones: choledocholithiasis is the presence of gallstones within the common bile duct. They can be either primary (formed within the duct) or secondary (entering the duct from the gallbladder). Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy allows for opening of the sphincter of Oddi, allowing stones to ...
The procedure is usually performed by means of a surgical incision (therefore invasive). Lithotomy differs from lithotripsy, where the stones are crushed either by a minimally invasive probe inserted through the exit canal, or by an acoustic pulse (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy), which is a non-invasive procedure. Because of these less ...
Laser surgery is a type of surgery that cuts tissue using a laser in contrast to using a scalpel. [ 1 ] Soft-tissue laser surgery is used in a variety of applications in humans ( general surgery , neurosurgery , ENT , dentistry , orthodontics , [ 2 ] and oral and maxillofacial surgery ) as well as veterinary [ 3 ] surgical fields.
Surgical extirpation is a type of occasionally invasive surgical procedure in which an organ or tissue is completely removed or eradicated. [1] Extirpation is used in the treatment of various medical conditions and also as a means to prevent the spread of cancer. [2]