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2. Newton's laws of motion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion

   For example, in 1742, Émilie du Châtelet wrote, "Dead force consists of a simple tendency to motion: such is that of a spring ready to relax; living force is that which a body has when it is in actual motion." In modern terminology, "dead force" and "living force" correspond to potential energy and kinetic energy respectively. [139]

3. Force - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force

   In such a situation, a force is applied in the direction of motion while the kinetic friction force exactly opposes the applied force. This results in zero net force, but since the object started with a non-zero velocity, it continues to move with a non-zero velocity. Aristotle misinterpreted this motion as being caused by the applied force.

4. Dynamics (mechanics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamics_(mechanics)

   In the physical science of dynamics, rigid-body dynamics studies the movement of systems of interconnected bodies under the action of external forces. The assumption that the bodies are rigid (i.e. they do not deform under the action of applied forces) simplifies analysis, by reducing the parameters that describe the configuration of the system ...

5. Rigid body dynamics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigid_body_dynamics

   In the physical science of dynamics, rigid-body dynamics studies the movement of systems of interconnected bodies under the action of external forces.The assumption that the bodies are rigid (i.e. they do not deform under the action of applied forces) simplifies analysis, by reducing the parameters that describe the configuration of the system to the translation and rotation of reference ...

6. Magnetic levitation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_levitation

   Magnetic force is used to counteract the effects of the gravitational force and any other forces. [ 2 ] The two primary issues involved in magnetic levitation are lifting forces : providing an upward force sufficient to counteract gravity, and stability : ensuring that the system does not spontaneously slide or flip into a configuration where ...

7. Impulse (physics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse_(physics)

   This type of impulse is often idealized so that the change in momentum produced by the force happens with no change in time. This sort of change is a step change , and is not physically possible. However, this is a useful model for computing the effects of ideal collisions (such as in videogame physics engines ).

8. Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_and_motorcycle...

   Aerodynamic forces due to the atmosphere are mostly in the form of drag, but can also be from crosswinds. At normal bicycling speeds on level ground, aerodynamic drag is the largest force resisting forward motion. [28]: 188 At faster speed, aerodynamic drag becomes overwhelmingly the largest force resisting forward motion.

9. Newton's law of universal gravitation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_law_of_universal...

   Newton's law of gravitation resembles Coulomb's law of electrical forces, which is used to calculate the magnitude of the electrical force arising between two charged bodies. Both are inverse-square laws, where force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the bodies. Coulomb's law has charge in place of mass and a ...