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Icing on UAVs is a global phenomenon, and icing conditions at the operational altitude can occur year round around the world. However, icing risks are particularly big in the sub arctics, Arctic and Antarctic. In large parts of the Nordics, for example, icing conditions are present from 35% to more than 80% of the time from September through ...
Icing conditions can be particularly dangerous to aircraft, as the built-up ice changes the aerodynamics of the flight surfaces and airframe and results in structural icing, which can increase the risk of a stall and potentially accidents. There are three types of structural icing: rime icing, clear (or glaze) icing, and mixed icing.
One or two electrically-driven pumps send the fluid to proportioning units that divide the flow between areas to be protected. A second pump is used for redundancy, especially for aircraft certified for flight into known icing conditions, with additional mechanical pumps for the windshield. Fluid is forced through holes in panels on the leading ...
The use of deicing boots may enable an aircraft to be certified for flight into known icing conditions. However, they may not be sufficient to handle extremely severe icing, where ice can accumulate faster than the boots can shed it, or it accumulates on non-booted surfaces to the point where there is a dangerous loss of lift or control, or ...
Hard rime on trees in the Black Forest of Germany. Hard rime is a white ice that forms when the water droplets in fog freeze to the outer surfaces of objects. It is often seen on trees atop mountains and ridges in winter, when low-hanging clouds cause freezing fog.
Water freezes at 0 °C; however, a mixture of 70% de-icing fluid and 30% water freezes below −55 °C. This is known as the eutectic concentration – the mixture proportion where the freezing point of the mixture is at its lowest point, and lower than either of the component substances.
The outsole is made with a grippy, non-marking rubber for better traction in wet conditions, but what really separates these sandals from run-of-the-mill flip-flops is the contoured ergonomic ...
A pilot report or PIREP is a report of actual flight or ground conditions encountered by an aircraft.Reports commonly include information about atmospheric conditions (like temperature, icing, turbulence) or airport conditions (like runway condition codes or ground equipment failures).