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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), formerly known as TNF-α, is a chemical messenger produced by the immune system that induces inflammation. [5] TNF is produced primarily by activated macrophages, and induces inflammation by binding to its receptors on other cells. [6]
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily is a protein superfamily of type II transmembrane proteins containing TNF homology domain and forming trimers. Members of this superfamily can be released from the cell membrane by extracellular proteolytic cleavage and function as a cytokine .
Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-α) formerly known as tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β) [5] [6] is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTA gene. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Belonging to the hematopoietic cell line, LT-α exhibits anti-proliferative activity and causes the cellular destruction of tumor cell lines. [ 7 ]
Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α also trigger pathological pain. [1] While IL-1β is released by monocytes and macrophages, it is also present in nociceptive DRG neurons. IL-6 plays a role in neuronal reaction to an injury. TNF-α is a well known proinflammatory cytokine present in neurons and the glia.
In humans, there are 29 known family members of the TNF receptor superfamily. [6] [7] Historically, the family members have been numerically classified as TNFRSF#, where # denotes the member number, sometimes followed a letter. [2] Some newer additions to the TNF family remain unnumbered, however, such as the TNF receptor superfamily member ...
Rift Royale is a battle royale game developed by Easy.gg, the developers behind BedWars and Islands. The game was inspired by Fortnite Battle Royale, and was an attempt to create an "awesome competitive game" within the Roblox platforms limitations. In August 2022, the game was shut down following a mass wave of exploiters rendering the game ...
BAFF is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for receptors TNFRSF13B/TACI, TNFRSF17/BCMA, and TNFRSF13C/BAFF-R. This cytokine is expressed in B cell lineage cells, and acts as a potent B cell activator. It has been also shown to play an important role in the proliferation and ...
Tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 3 or A20 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFAIP3 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This gene was identified as a gene whose expression is rapidly induced by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF).