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Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA, with chemical formula C 12 H 18 CaMg 2 O 12 [1]) is a deicer and can be used as an alternative to road salt.It is approximately as corrosive as normal tap water, and in varying concentrations can be effective in stopping road ice from forming down to around −27.5 °C (−17.5 °F) (its eutectic temperature [2]).
The amount of fluid necessary to de-ice an aircraft depends on a wide variety of factors. Deicing a large commercial aircraft typically consumes between 500 US gallons (1,900 L) and 1,000 US gallons (3,800 L) of diluted fluid. The cost of fluid varies widely due to market conditions.
An Aeroflot Airbus A330 being de-iced at Sheremetyevo International Airport Econ Salt Spreader. De-icing is the process of removing snow, ice or frost from a surface. Anti-icing is the application of chemicals that not only de-ice but also remain on a surface and continue to delay the reformation of ice for a certain period of time, or prevent adhesion of ice to make mechanical removal easier.
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Screwfix Direct Limited, trading as Screwfix, is a retailer of trade tools, accessories and hardware products based in the United Kingdom. [6] Founded in 1979 as the Woodscrew Supply Company, the company was acquired in July 1999 by Kingfisher plc , which also owns B&Q , and is listed on the London Stock Exchange .
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According to Chris Horwill (AREVA T&D) there are four main design ratings in the de-icer mode. [1] The first one is the Standard de-icer mode. It works at 250 MW and 7200 A from ±17.4 kV at 10 °C. The second one is the Verification mode. It works at 200 MW and 5760 A from ±17.4 kV at 30 °C. The third one is the 1-hour overload.
If frost, ice, or snow contamination is observed or suspected, the aircraft must undergo a deicing procedure before takeoff, using one or more of the methods listed below. A complicating factor is that ambient atmospheric conditions may be such that contamination starts to build up again immediately after deicing is complete.