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Kolbe electrometer, precision form of gold-leaf instrument. This has a light pivoted aluminum vane hanging next to a vertical metal plate. When charged the vane is repelled by the plate and hangs at an angle. An electrometer is an electrical instrument for measuring electric charge or electrical potential difference. [1]
Electrical measurements are a branch of the science of metrology. Measurable independent and semi-independent electrical quantities comprise: Voltage; Electric current; Electrical resistance and electrical conductance; Electrical reactance and susceptance; Magnetic flux; Electrical charge by the means of electrometer; Partial discharge measurement
An additional fact needed is that electric field lines cannot penetrate conductors; if an electric field line penetrated into a volume of metal, the electrons in the metal would flow along the field line, redistributing the charge in the conductor until no electric field was left.
The discharge repetition frequency is the measured variable which is a function of the background electrostatic field. Beside static charge control in electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitive environments, another possible application is the measurement of the atmospheric electric field, if sufficient sensitivity is available. [1]
The Faraday cup electrometer is the simplest form of an electrical aerosol instrument used in aerosol studies. It consists of an electrometer and a filter inside a Faraday cage . Charged particles collected by the filter generate an electric current which is measured by the electrometer .
The electroscope is an early scientific instrument used to detect the presence of electric charge on a body. It detects this by the movement of a test charge due to the Coulomb electrostatic force on it. The amount of charge on an object is proportional to its voltage.
Electric charge is a conserved property: the net charge of an isolated system, the quantity of positive charge minus the amount of negative charge, cannot change. Electric charge is carried by subatomic particles. In ordinary matter, negative charge is carried by electrons, and positive charge is carried by the protons in the nuclei of atoms ...
The cup can then be discharged to measure a small current proportional to the charge carried by the impinging ions or electrons. By measuring the electric current (the number of electrons flowing through the circuit per second) in the cup, the number of charges can be determined. For a continuous beam of ions (assumed to be singly charged) or ...