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ER physicians treat heatstroke all summer, but this year, a specific type of injury is showing up: contact burns from scorching asphalt and concrete.
Chemical burns may occur through direct contact on body surfaces, including skin and eyes, via inhalation, and/or by ingestion. Substances that diffuse efficiently in human tissue, e.g., hydrofluoric acid , sulfur mustard , and dimethyl sulfate , may not react immediately, but instead produce the burns and inflammation hours after the contact.
Treatment depends on the severity of the burn. [2] Superficial burns may be managed with little more than simple pain medication, while major burns may require prolonged treatment in specialized burn centers. [2] Cooling with tap water may help pain and decrease damage; however, prolonged cooling may result in low body temperature.
[1] [2] [3] The milliliter amount of fluid required for the first 24 hours – usually Lactated Ringer's – is four times the product of the body weight and the burn percentage (i.e. body surface area affected by burns). [4] The first half of the fluid is given within eight hours from the burn incident, and the remaining over the next 16 hours.
Solutions containing lyes can cause chemical burns, permanent injuries, scarring and blindness, immediately upon contact. Lyes may be harmful or even fatal if swallowed; ingestion can cause esophageal stricture. Moreover, the solvation of dry solid lye is highly exothermic and the resulting heat may cause additional burns or ignite flammables.
Calcination is thermal treatment of a solid chemical compound (e.g. mixed carbonate ores) whereby the compound is raised to high temperature without melting under restricted supply of ambient oxygen (i.e. gaseous O 2 fraction of air), generally for the purpose of removing impurities or volatile substances and/or to incur thermal decomposition.
A thermal burn is a type of burn resulting from making contact with heated objects, such as boiling water, steam, hot cooking oil, fire, and hot objects. Scalds are the most common type of thermal burn suffered by children, but for adults thermal burns are most commonly caused by fire. [ 2 ]
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