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Neither Croatia nor Yugoslavia ever formally declared war on each other. [303] Unlike the Serbian position that the conflict need not be declared as it was a civil war, [297] the Croatian motivation for not declaring war was that Tuđman believed that Croatia could not confront the JNA directly and did everything to avoid an all-out war. [304]
Croats and Bosniaks blamed each other for the defeats against the VRS. [103] The Bosnian government suspected that a Croat-Serb cease-fire was brokered, [104] while the Croats objected that the ARBiH was not helping them in Croat-majority areas. [105] By late 1992, Herzeg-Bosnia lost a significant part of its territory to VRS.
Serb paramilitaries killed 48 Croat civilians [47] and five Croatian POWs in the village of Škabrnja, [48] and 14 civilians in the village of Nadin. [49] Borovo Naselje massacre: 19 November 1991 Borovo Naselje, Vukovar: 166 JNA and other Serb forces massacred 166 local civilians and POWs after the capture of Borovo Naselje. [50] [51] Vukovar ...
A total of 417 were killed in all military operations around Dubrovnik by the end of October 1992. [108] The JNA suffered 165 deaths. [109] Approximately 15,000 refugees from Konavle and other areas around Dubrovnik fled to the city, and about 16,000 refugees were evacuated by sea from Dubrovnik to other parts of Croatia. [51]
Seal of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia. The following is an incomplete list of wars fought by Croatia, by Croatian people or regular armies during periods when independent Croatian states existed, from the Early Middle Ages to the present day.
Unlike the other fronts, Croats participating in World War I, were most motivated to fight on the Italian front, as Treaty of London (which brought Italy into World War I), promised large chunks of Croatian littoral to Italy. [24] Secondly, unlike the other fronts, on Italian front Croats did not have to fight their "slavic brothers". [24]
The Croatian War of Independence was fought from 1991 to 1995 between Croat forces loyal to the government of Croatia—which had declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)—and the Serb-controlled Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and local Serb forces, with the JNA ending its combat operations in Croatia by 1992.
Those war crimes were subsequently prosecuted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, which was set up in 1993 under the terms of UN Security Council Resolution 827. [84] The atrocities prompted Germany to grant Croatia diplomatic recognition in mid-November. It overcame opposition to the move from the United Kingdom ...