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In Borel functional calculus [ edit ] Using the language of category theory , the composition operator is a pull-back on the space of measurable functions ; it is adjoint to the transfer operator in the same way that the pull-back is adjoint to the push-forward ; the composition operator is the inverse image functor .
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The J Programming Language, a follow-on to APL that is designed to use standard keyboard symbols, uses <. for floor and >. for ceiling. [53] ALGOL usesentier for floor. In Microsoft Excel the function INT rounds down rather than toward zero, [54] while FLOOR rounds toward zero, the opposite of what "int" and "floor" do in other languages.
Calculus is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape, and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations. Originally called infinitesimal calculus or "the calculus of infinitesimals", it has two major branches, differential calculus and integral calculus.
differential calculus Is a subfield of calculus [30] concerned with the study of the rates at which quantities change. It is one of the two traditional divisions of calculus, the other being integral calculus, the study of the area beneath a curve. [31] differential equation Is a mathematical equation that relates some function with its ...
In differential calculus, there is no single uniform notation for differentiation. Instead, various notations for the derivative of a function or variable have been proposed by various mathematicians. The usefulness of each notation varies with the context, and it is sometimes advantageous to use more than one notation in a given context.
3. In multilinear algebra, geometry, and multivariable calculus, denotes the wedge product or the exterior product. ⊻ Exclusive or: if E and F are two Boolean variables or predicates, denotes the exclusive or. Notations E XOR F and are also commonly used; see ⊕. ∀ 1.
Microsoft Math 1.0: Part of Microsoft Student 2006; Microsoft Math 2.0: Part of Microsoft Student 2007; Microsoft Math 3.0: Standalone commercial product that requires product activation; includes calculus support, digital ink recognition features and a special display mode for video projectors