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Glutamate transporters are a family of neurotransmitter transporter proteins that move glutamate – the principal excitatory neurotransmitter – across a membrane. The family of glutamate transporters is composed of two primary subclasses: the excitatory amino acid transporter ( EAAT ) family and vesicular glutamate transporter ( VGLUT ) family.
The sodium/glutamate symporter, also known as glutamate permease, is a transmembrane protein family found in bacteria and archaea. These proteins are symporters that are responsible for the sodium-dependent uptake of extracellular glutamate into the cell. They are integral membrane proteins located in the bacterial inner membrane. [1]
Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the SLC1A3 gene. [5] EAAT1 is also often called the GLutamate ASpartate Transporter 1 ( GLAST-1 ). EAAT1 is predominantly expressed in the plasma membrane, allowing it to remove glutamate from the extracellular space. [ 6 ]
There are several families that function in amino acid transport, some of these include: TC# 2.A.3 - Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (APC) Superfamily; TC# 2.A.18 - Amino Acid/Auxin Permease (AAAP) Family
The basic fold of the MFS transporter is built around 12, [4] or in some cases, 14 transmembrane helices [5] (TMH), with two 6- (or 7- ) helix bundles formed by the N and C terminal homologous domains [6] of the transporter which are connected by an extended cytoplasmic loop. The two halves of the protein pack against each other in a clam-shell ...
The abgT gene is preceded by two genes, abgA and abgB, which code for homologous amino acyl amino hydrolases and hydrolyze p-aminobenzoyl glutamate to p-aminobenzoate and glutamate. [5] Because of the structural similarity of p -aminobenzoyl-glutatmate to peptides, and the enzymatic activities of the abgA and abgB gene products, it has been ...
For example, SLC1A1 is the first isoform of subfamily A of SLC family 1. An exception occurs with SLC family 21 [ 5 ] (the organic anion transporting polypeptide transporters), which for historical reasons have names in the format SLCOnXm where n = family number, X = subfamily letter, and m = member number.
In animals, fungi, and bacteria, GABA-T helps facilitate a reaction that moves an amine group from GABA to 2-oxoglutarate, and a ketone group from 2-oxoglutarate to GABA. [4] [5] [6] This produces succinate semialdehyde and L-glutamate. [4] In plants, pyruvate and glyoxylate can be used in the place of 2-oxoglutarate.