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COBOL (/ ˈ k oʊ b ɒ l,-b ɔː l /; an acronym for "common business-oriented language") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use. It is an imperative, procedural, and, since 2002, object-oriented language.
[3] [4] It parodied elements of established programming languages of the day such as Fortran, COBOL and assembly language. For many years, INTERCAL was represented only by paper copies of the INTERCAL manual. Its revival in 1990 as an implementation in C under Unix stimulated a wave of interest in the intentional design of esoteric computer ...
Use of IBM COBOL was so widespread that Capex Corporation, an independent software vendor, made a post-code generation phase object code optimizer for it. [3] The Capex Optimizer became a quite successful product. [4] Although the IBM COBOL Compiler Family web site [5] only mentions AIX, Linux, and z/OS, IBM still offers COBOL on z/VM and z/VSE.
A high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer.In contrast to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language elements, be easier to use, or may automate (or even hide entirely) significant areas of computing systems (e.g. memory management), making the process of developing a program simpler and more ...
The first major procedural programming languages appeared c. 1957 –1964, including Fortran, ALGOL, COBOL, PL/I and BASIC. [2] Pascal and C were published c. 1970 –1972. Computer processors provide hardware support for procedural programming through a stack register and instructions for calling procedures and returning from them.
Computer programming or coding is the composition of sequences of instructions, called programs, that computers can follow to perform tasks. [1] [2] It involves designing and implementing algorithms, step-by-step specifications of procedures, by writing code in one or more programming languages.
The communication between the units of code is not explicit. In contrast, languages in the declarative paradigm do not state the order in which to execute operations. Instead, they supply a number of available operations in the system, along with the conditions under which each is allowed to execute. [ 7 ]
First introduced in the late 1950s, Fortran, ALGOL, and COBOL are examples of early 3GLs. Most popular general-purpose languages today, such as C , C++ , C# , Java , and BASIC , are also third-generation languages, although each of these languages can be further subdivided into other categories based on other contemporary traits.