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An urban area [a] is a human settlement with a high population density and an infrastructure of built environment. This is the core of a metropolitan statistical area in the United States, if it contains a population of more than 50,000. [2] Urban areas originate through urbanization, and researchers categorize them as cities, towns ...
Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such as towns and cities, interact with the built environment. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a direct component of disciplines such as urban planning , a profession focusing on the design and management of urban areas, and urban sociology , an academic field which studies urban life.
Urbanization over the past 500 years [13] A global map illustrating the first onset and spread of urban centres around the world, based on. [14]From the development of the earliest cities in Indus valley civilization, Mesopotamia and Egypt until the 18th century, an equilibrium existed between the vast majority of the population who were engaged in subsistence agriculture in a rural context ...
The transformation of agricultural land also provides surplus labour, as peasants have to seek jobs in urban areas as rural-urban migrant workers. [ 59 ] Many slums are part of economies of agglomeration in which there is an emergence of economies of scale at the firm level, transport costs and the mobility of the industrial labour force. [ 69 ]
Measures for urban sprawl in Europe: upper left the Dispersion of the built-up area (DIS), upper right the weighted urban proliferation (WUP). The term urban sprawl was often used in the letters between Lewis Mumford and Frederic J. Osborn, [17] firstly by Osborn in his 1941 letter to Mumford and later by Mumford, generally condemning the waste of agricultural land and landscape due to ...
Common population definitions for an urban area (city or town) range between 1,500 and 50,000 people, with most U.S. states using a minimum between 1,500 and 5,000 inhabitants. [20] [21] Some jurisdictions set no such minima. [22] In the United Kingdom, city status is awarded by the Crown and then remains permanent.
Urban sociology is the sociological study of cities and urban life. One of the field’s oldest sub-disciplines, urban sociology studies and examines the social, historical, political, cultural, economic, and environmental forces that have shaped urban environments.
Urban morphology is the study of the formation of human settlements and the process of their formation and transformation. [1] The study seeks to understand the spatial structure and character of a metropolitan area, city, town or village by examining the