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During the Liberal democracy period in Indonesia and Guided Democracy that followed it under Sukarno, the common phrase used in speech and formal meetings was "Merdeka", the Indonesian and Malay word for independence or freedom, or variations of it such as "Salam Merdeka ".
It is used in over half of the constitutions of countries where Islam is the state religion or more than half of the population follows Islam, usually the first phrase in the preamble, including those of Afghanistan, [3] Bahrain, [4] Bangladesh, [5] Brunei, [6] Egypt, [7] Iran, [8] Iraq, [9] Kuwait, [10] Libya, [11] Maldives, [12] Pakistan, [13 ...
English: بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Bismillah (Arabic: بسملة) is an Arabic noun used as a collective name for the whole of the recurring Islamic phrase b-ismi-llāh r-raḥmān r-raḥīm.
By 1430, the expeditions had established Muslim Chinese, Arab and Malay communities in northern ports of Java such as Semarang, Demak, Tuban, and Ampel; thus Islam began to gain a foothold on the northern coast of Java. Malacca prospered under Chinese Ming protection, while the Majapahit were steadily pushed back.
Hasyim Asy'ari was born Muhammad Hasyim in Gedang, Jombang Regency [3] on 10 April 1875. His parents were Asy'ari and Halimah. His family was deeply involved in the administrations of pesantrens (local Islamic boarding schools).
A 1954 meeting of the Kongres Bahasa saw Rumi officially adopted as a Malay script alongside Jawi in the Federation of Malaya, and government policy over the next few decades favoured Rumi in education, resulting in Jawi literacy becoming less common. Jawi was removed from the national curriculum in the mid-1980s.
The Arab nobility of al-Hira surrendered in an agreement with Khalid whereby the city paid a tribute in return for assurances that al-Hira's churches and palaces would not be disturbed. [ 72 ] [ 73 ] The annual sum to be paid by al-Hira amounted to 60,000 or 90,000 silver dirhams , [ 75 ] [ 76 ] which Khalid forwarded to Medina, marking the ...
Eid Mubarak (Arabic: عِيد مُبَارَك, romanized: ʿīd mubārak) is an Arabic phrase that means "blessed feast or festival". [1] The term is used by Muslims all over the world as a greeting to celebrate Eid al-Fitr (which marks the end of Ramadan) and Eid al-Adha (which is in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah).