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In nature, however, free halogens do not exist in appreciable amounts. The combination of hydrogen peroxide, which is widely produced by aerobic life, and halide anions Cl −, Br −, I − provides the equivalent of Cl 2, Br 2, I 2. The oxidation of these anions by hydrogen peroxide is slow in the absence of enzymes.
General structure of an alkenyl peroxide. In organic chemistry, alkenyl peroxides are organic peroxides bearing an alkene (R 2 C=CR 2) residue directly at the peroxide (R−O−O−R) group, resulting in the general formula R 2 C=C(R)OOR. They have very weak O-O bonds and are thus generally unstable compounds. [1]
Dialkyl peroxides, e.g., dicumyl peroxide, are synthesized by addition of hydrogen peroxide to alkenes or by O-alkylation of hydroperoxides. Diacyl peroxides are typically prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with acid chlorides or acid anhydrides in the presence of base: [1] H 2 O 2 + 2 RCOCl → (RCO 2) 2 + 2 HCl H 2 O 2 + (RCO) 2 O → ...
Cumene hydroperoxide is involved as an organic peroxide in the production of propylene oxide by the oxidation of propene. This technology was commercialized by Sumitomo Chemical. [6] The oxidation by cumene hydroperoxide of propene affords propylene oxide and the byproduct 2-phenylpropan-2-ol. The reaction follows this stoichiometry: CH 3 CHCH ...
This hydrogen peroxide then releases hydrogen peroxide: [(HO) 3 B(OOH)] − + H 2 O ⇌ B(OH) − 4 + H 2 O 2. Several metal hydroperoxide complexes have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. Some form by the reaction of metal hydrides with oxygen gas: [17] L n M−H + O 2 → L n M−O−O−H (L n refers to other ligands bound to the ...
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A more dilute hydrogen peroxide solution (30%) can be used to form trifluoroperacetic acid for some reactions from trifluoroacetic acid. [2] CF 3 COOH + H 2 O 2 → CF 3 COOOH + H 2 O. In order to avoid the danger of handling pure or highly concentrated solutions of hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide – urea can be used to give the peracid. [5]
Peroxyoxalates are esters initially formed by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with oxalate diesters or oxalyl chloride, with or without base, although the reaction is faster with base: Peroxyoxalates are intermediates that will rapidly transform into 1,2-dioxetanedione , another high-energy intermediate.