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There are currently no approved medications for the treatment of sarcopenia. [41] Testosterone or other anabolic steroids have also been investigated for treatment of sarcopenia, and seem to have some positive effects on muscle strength and mass, but cause several side effects and raise concerns of prostate cancer in men and virilization in women.
Two common but distinct conditions characterized by a loss of skeletal muscle mass are sarcopenia and cachexia. [52] Sarcopenia and cachexia represent the major causes of muscle-wasting disorders. It has been known for millennia that muscle and fat wasting leads to poor outcomes, including deaths in chronic disease states.
Myostatin inhibitors were generally able to increase lean body mass and reduce body fat in people with sarcopenia, but the extent to which this translated into functional improvements varied. [ 11 ] Bimagrumab showed effectiveness in increasing lean mass and reducing fat mass in obese individuals in a clinical trial.
Sarcopenic obesity is a combination of two disease states, sarcopenia and obesity. Sarcopenia is the muscle mass/strength/physical function loss associated with increased age, [ 1 ] and obesity is based off a weight to height ratio or body mass index (BMI) that is characterized by high body fat or being overweight.
Anabolic agents may have some efficacy but are not often used due to side effects. There are multiple treatments and supplements under investigation but there are currently limited treatment options in clinical practice. Given the implications of muscle atrophy and limited treatment options, minimizing immobility is critical in injury or illness.
A heart attack requires immediate treatment to improve blood flow to your heart, relieve your symptoms, and prevent another heart attack. Some treatment options include: Some treatment options ...
SARMs can be agonists, antagonists, or partial agonists of the AR depending on the tissue, which can enable targeting specific medical conditions while minimizing side effects. [7] Those that have advanced to human trials show stronger effects in bone and muscle tissue and weaker effects in the prostate. [8]
Cachexia and sarcopenia are similar because both cause weight and muscle loss, along with symptoms like weakness and loss of appetite. [12] The difference is sarcopenia is caused by aging, while cachexia happens due to long-term disease and inflammation. [11] [12]
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