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A marímbula, the "bass" instrument used by changüí ensembles. Some groups used the more rudimentary jug known as botija or botijuela.. Although the history of Cuban music dates back to the 16th century, the son is a relatively recent musical invention whose precursors emerged in the mid-to-late 19th century.
In his book Del canto y el tiempo, León divided the study of Cuban popular music in several sections presented in the following order: Música yoruba, Música bantú, Música abakuá, Música guajira, El son, La rumba, La guaracha, La canción y el bolero, Música instrumental, De la contradanza al danzón, al chachachá and Hacia el presente ...
Guajira [ɡwaˈxi.ɾa] is a music genre derived from the punto cubano.According to some specialists, [1] the punto cubano was known in Spain since the 18th century, where it was called "punto de La Habana", and by the second half of the 19th century it was adopted by the incipient Spanish Flamenco style, which included it within its "palos" with the name of guajira. [2]
In the beginning, Portabales sang a variety of styles — canción, tango, bolero, son — until he discovered that his listeners enjoyed the guajira the most. He thereby refined the style and developed his signature salon guajira style in which he depicted in bucolic terms the life of the Cuban guajiro (the rural campesino).
Punto guajiro or punto cubano – or simply punto – is a sung genre of Cuban music, a poetic art with music. It became popular in the western and central regions of Cuba in the 17th century, [1] and consolidated as a genre in the 18th century. [2] It has Andalusian and Canary Islands origins, and it integrated African elements in Cuba. [3] [4]
The work of José Marín Varona links the Cuban musical activity from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. In 1896, the composer included in his zarzuela "El Brujo" the first Cuban guajira which has been historically documented. [15] [16]
A descarga (literally discharge in Spanish) is an improvised jam session consisting of variations on Cuban music themes, primarily son montuno, but also guajira, bolero, guaracha and rumba. [1] The genre is strongly influenced by jazz and it was developed in Havana during the 1950s.
Brito premiered "El amor de mi bohío" in 1937, at the famous Eden Concert cabaret in Havana, Cuba. [8] [9] This song is the maximum expression of the Cuban salon guajira, the most widespread of this genre, which would become one of Julio Brito's most famous creations [10], being performed by great voices throughout the following decades.