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Amputation is the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene.
Following an amputation, there is a neurological reorganization of cortical regions in the brain, [2] where brain regions that were responsible for the amputated limb start to manage remaining body parts, which are commonly related to the residual limb. The presence of this anatomical incongruence causes telescoping sensations because the body ...
Limb-sparing techniques, also known as limb-saving or limb-salvage techniques, are performed in order to preserve the look and function of limbs. [1] Limb-sparing techniques are used to preserve limbs affected by trauma, arthritis, cancers such as high-grade bone sarcomas , and vascular conditions such as diabetic foot ulcers . [ 2 ]
Replantation or reattachment is defined as the surgical reattachment of a body part (such as a finger, hand, or toe) that has been completely cut from the body. [1] Examples include reattachment of a partially or fully amputated finger, or reattachment of a kidney that had had an avulsion-type injury.
The surgery is generally performed under general anaesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision in the upper leg, and a graft either man-made or the patient's vein is sewn to both ends of the artery. [20] The graft reroutes the blood flow around the blocked artery, allowing for adequate supply back to the parts of the leg.
Limb amputations are performed by surgeons when a traumatic injury such as a wound from war or a vehicle accident causes major tissue destruction or in instances of serious infection or disease.
The surgical procedure is typically done in two stages, but it is possible to conduct the surgery in one stage. The first stage is the discontinuation of the waste functions by performing a colostomy and ileal conduit in the upper abdominal quadrants. The second stage is the amputation at the lumbar spine. [5] [6]
Targeted reinnervation has an efferent and an afferent component. Targeted muscle reinnervation is a method by which a spare muscle (the target muscle) of an amputated patient is denervated (its original nerves cut and/or de-activated), then reinnervated with residual nerves of the amputated limb. [1]