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Bioluminescence is the emission of light during a chemiluminescence reaction by living organisms. [1] Bioluminescence occurs in diverse organisms ranging from marine vertebrates and invertebrates , as well as in some fungi , microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria , dinoflagellates and terrestrial arthropods such as fireflies .
Noctiluca scintillans, a bioluminescent dinoflagellate. Bioluminescence is the production of light by living organisms. This list of bioluminescent organisms is organized by the environment, covering terrestrial, marine, and microorganisms.
[11] [12] [13] Electron Multiplying CCD (EM-CCD) optimized for the detection of ultraweak light [14] have also been used to detect the bioluminescence produced by yeast cells at the onset of their growth. [15]
Luciferase is a generic term for the class of oxidative enzymes that produce bioluminescence, and is usually distinguished from a photoprotein.The name was first used by Raphaël Dubois who invented the words luciferin and luciferase, for the substrate and enzyme, respectively. [1]
The bioluminescence used for counter-illumination can be either autogenic (produced by the animal itself, as in pelagic cephalopods such as Vampyroteuthis, Stauroteuthis, and pelagic octopuses in the Bolitaenidae [10]) or bacteriogenic (produced by bacterial symbionts).
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All bioluminescent bacteria share a common gene sequence: the lux operon characterized by the luxCDABE gene organization. [24] LuxAB codes for luciferase while luxCDE codes for a fatty-acid reductase complex that is responsible for synthesizing aldehydes for the bioluminescent reaction. Despite this common gene organization, variations, such as ...
Bioluminescence occurs when an organism emits light through a chemical reaction [8] with the majority of the world's bioluminescent organisms living in the ocean. [9] The production of bioluminescence by P. fusiformis is thought to be a defense mechanism that startles grazers which would otherwise eat them [5] or to illuminate grazers so that they, in turn may be more visible to their own ...