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The common spangle gall on the underside of leaves and the currant gall on the male catkins or occasionally the leaves, develop as chemically induced distortions on pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), or sessile oak (Quercus petraea) trees, caused by the cynipid wasp [1] Neuroterus quercusbaccarum which has both agamic and bisexual generations.
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Krebs gall is caused by surface agents. Filz gall is caused by agents among surface hairs. Fold/roll gall is caused by agents within turned-over leaf blades. Pouch gall is caused by agents within a cup-like structure that occurs when opposite ends of the infected structure arch upward and form a spherical oval. Causative inside agents include:
Although nearly spherical, the galls often have a number of little flattened nodules. The rounded growths are filled with a spongy mass and a single wasp larva is located in a hard, seed-like cell in the centre. [7] The word 'marble' derives from the gall's shape, which is a marble-like rounded structure.
Callirhytis perfoveata, formerly Andricus perfoveata, the leaf ball gall wasp, is a species of hymenopteran that produces leaf galls on oak trees in California in North America. [1] The wasp oviposits on coast live oak , interior live oak , and occasionally on California black oak , and induces what appears to be a roughly spherical gall ...
Amphibolips quercuspomiformis, also known as the apple gall wasp or live oak apple gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp. It induces galls in coast live oak and interior live oak trees. Like many gall wasps, it has two alternating generations which induce differing galls: an all-female parthenogenic generation, and a bisexual generation.
Cynips is a genus of gall wasps in the tribe Cynipini, the oak gall wasps. One of the best known is the common oak gall wasp (Cynips quercusfolii), which induces characteristic spherical galls about two centimeters wide on the undersides of oak leaves. As of 2008, there are about 39 species in this genus. [1]
Galls (upper left and right) formed on acorns on the branch of a pedunculate (or English) oak tree by the parthenogenetic generation Andricus quercuscalicis.. The large 2 cm gall growth appears as a mass of green to yellowish-green, ridged, and at first sticky plant tissue on the bud of the oak, that breaks out as the gall between the cup and the acorn.