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The common spangle gall on the underside of leaves and the currant gall on the male catkins or occasionally the leaves, develop as chemically induced distortions on pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), or sessile oak (Quercus petraea) trees, caused by the cynipid wasp [1] Neuroterus quercusbaccarum which has both agamic and bisexual generations.
Although nearly spherical, the galls often have a number of little flattened nodules. The rounded growths are filled with a spongy mass and a single wasp larva is located in a hard, seed-like cell in the centre. [7] The word 'marble' derives from the gall's shape, which is a marble-like rounded structure.
Oak galls have been used in the production of ink since at least the time of the Roman Empire. From the Middle Ages to the early twentieth century, iron gall ink was the main medium used for writing in the Western world. [2] Gall nuts are a source of tannin in the production of iron gall ink. Tannins belong to a group of molecules known as ...
Galls (upper left and right) formed on acorns on the branch of a pedunculate (or English) oak tree by the parthenogenetic generation Andricus quercuscalicis.. The large 2 cm gall growth appears as a mass of green to yellowish-green, ridged, and at first sticky plant tissue on the bud of the oak, that breaks out as the gall between the cup and the acorn.
Callirhytis perfoveata, formerly Andricus perfoveata, the leaf ball gall wasp, is a species of hymenopteran that produces leaf galls on oak trees in California in North America. [1] The wasp oviposits on coast live oak , interior live oak , and occasionally on California black oak , and induces what appears to be a roughly spherical gall ...
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Cynips is a genus of gall wasps in the tribe Cynipini, the oak gall wasps. One of the best known is the common oak gall wasp (Cynips quercusfolii), which induces characteristic spherical galls about two centimeters wide on the undersides of oak leaves. As of 2008, there are about 39 species in this genus. [1]
Hints show the letters of a theme word. If there is already an active hint on the board, a hint will show that word’s letter order. Related: 300 Trivia Questions and Answers to Jumpstart Your ...