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Harvesting that heat energy using a thermoelectric generator can increase the fuel efficiency of the car. Thermoelectric generators have been investigated to replace the alternators in cars demonstrating a 3.45% reduction in fuel consumption. [33] Projections for future improvements are up to a 10% increase in mileage for hybrid vehicles. [34]
Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux at the junction of two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of electrical energy, depending on the direction of the current.
The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa via a thermocouple. [1] A thermoelectric device creates a voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. Conversely, when a voltage is applied to it, heat is transferred from one side to the other, creating a temperature ...
The generator contains the strontium-90 radioisotope, with a heating power of 250W and 1,480 TBq of radioactivity – equivalent to some 280 grams (9.9 oz) of Sr-90. [4] Mass-scale production of RTGs in the Soviet Union was the responsibility of a plant called Baltiyets, in Narva , Estonia .
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From a physical electronic viewpoint, thermionic energy conversion is the direct production of electric power from heat by thermionic electron emission. From a thermodynamic viewpoint, [1] it is the use of electron vapor as the working fluid in a power-producing cycle.
In physics and chemistry, the Nernst effect (also termed the first Nernst–Ettingshausen effect, after Walther Nernst and Albert von Ettingshausen) is a thermoelectric (or thermomagnetic) phenomenon observed when a sample allowing electrical conduction is subjected to a magnetic field and a temperature gradient normal (perpendicular) to each other.
A refrigerator designed to reach cryogenic temperatures (below 120 K, -153 °C, -243.4 °F) is often called a cryocooler. The term is most often used for smaller systems, typically table-top size, with input powers less than about 20 kW.