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In astronomy, a resonant trans-Neptunian object is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) in mean-motion orbital resonance with Neptune.The orbital periods of the resonant objects are in a simple integer relations with the period of Neptune, e.g. 1:2, 2:3, etc. Resonant TNOs can be either part of the main Kuiper belt population, or the more distant scattered disc population.
A binary resonance ratio in this article should be interpreted as the ratio of number of orbits completed in the same time interval, rather than as the ratio of orbital periods, which would be the inverse ratio. Thus, the 2:3 ratio above means that Pluto completes two orbits in the time it takes Neptune to complete three.
The electron cloud moves between the inner and outer conductor in resonance, causing an electron avalanche: in 5 nanoseconds, the number of electrons increases 150×. [ 1 ] The multipactor effect occurs when electrons accelerated by radio-frequency (RF) fields are self-sustained in a vacuum (or near vacuum) via an electron avalanche caused by ...
The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom increases with the atomic number. The electrons in the outermost shell, or valence electrons, tend to be responsible for an element's chemical behavior. Elements that contain the same number of valence electrons can be grouped together and display similar chemical properties.
An electron state has spin number s = 1 / 2 , consequently m s will be + 1 / 2 ("spin up") or - 1 / 2 "spin down" states. Since electron are fermions they obey the Pauli exclusion principle: each electron state must have different quantum numbers. Therefore, every orbital will be occupied with at most two electrons, one ...
I believe there are 15 747 724 136 275 002 577 605 653 961 181 555 468 044 717 914 527 116 709 366 231 425 076 185 631 031 296 protons in the universe and the same number of electrons. [5] This large number was soon named the "Eddington number". Shortly thereafter, improved measurements of α yielded values closer to 1/137, whereupon Eddington ...
The resonant interaction is between free electrons and bound electrons at the surface of a material. Charged particles can be accelerated by resonant interaction with electromagnetic waves. [ 15 ] Scalar particles (neutral atoms) described by the Klein–Gordon equation can be accelerated by gravitational waves ( e.g. those emitted from black ...
A system of one or more electrons bound to a nucleus is called an atom. If the number of electrons is different from the nucleus's electrical charge, such an atom is called an ion. The wave-like behavior of a bound electron is described by a function called an atomic orbital. Each orbital has its own set of quantum numbers such as energy ...