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The risk is increased for elderly or ill because persons who are older or who have terminal medical conditions are more likely to be overpowered by fear of approaching death. They may become fixated on the number of days they have left, which can cause severe anxiety. [6] People in prison are also more likely to develop chronophobia.
The term sundowning was coined by nurse Lois K. Evans in 1987 due to the association between the person's increased confusion and the setting of the sun. [2] [3] For people with sundown syndrome, a multitude of behavioral problems begin to occur and are associated with long-term adverse outcomes.
The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) is a questionnaire that can be filled out by a relative or other supporter of an older person to determine whether that person has declined in cognitive functioning. The IQCODE is used as a screening test for dementia. If the person is found to have significant cognitive ...
The test was used in 1944 for assessing general intelligence, and was part of the Army Individual Test of General Ability. [3] In the 1950s [ 4 ] [ 5 ] researchers began using the test to assess cognitive dysfunction stemming from brain damage , and it has since been incorporated into the Halstead–Reitan battery . [ 3 ]
This also explains why dyschronometria is seen more commonly in the elderly due to the deterioration of physical brain matter with age. Other probable causes for the deterioration of brain matter in the elderly include increased supranational activation , decreased cerebellar activation (which is consistent with fronto-cerebellar dissociation ).
Approximately 3% of healthy elderly persons living in the community have major depression. Recurrence may be as high as 40%. Suicide rates are nearly twice as high in depressed patients as in the general population. Major depression is more common in medically ill patients who are older than 70 years and hospitalized or institutionalized.
The bunker experiment conducted by Aschoff demonstrated that the participants' urine excretion, rectal temperature, and circadian rhythm of activity all had a free running period of approximately 25 hours in the absence of external cues. [3] Furthermore, it was established that men typically have a slightly longer period than women. [3]
A circadian rhythm (/ s ər ˈ k eɪ d i ə n /), or circadian cycle, is a natural oscillation that repeats roughly every 24 hours.Circadian rhythms can refer to any process that originates within an organism (i.e., endogenous) and responds to the environment (is entrained by the environment).