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2. Backflow prevention device - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backflow_prevention_device

   Backflow prevention device. The simplest, most reliable way to provide backflow prevention is to provide an air gap.An air gap is simply an open vertical space between any device that connects to a plumbing system (like a valve or faucet) and any place where contaminated water can collect or pool.

3. Reduced pressure zone device - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_pressure_zone_device

   A reduced pressure zone device (RPZD, RPZ, or RPZ valve) is a type of backflow prevention device used to protect water supplies from contamination. RPZDs may also be known as reduced pressure principle (RP), reduced pressure principle backflow prevention devices, [1] [2] reduced pressure zone assemblies (RPZA), [3] or reduced pressure principle ...

4. Double check valve - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_check_valve

   A double check valve or double check assembly (DCA) is a backflow prevention device designed to protect water supplies from contamination. [1] It is different from the two-way check valves (sometimes erroneously referred to as double check valves) used in air brake systems on heavy trucks which select from the highest pressure source.

5. Atmospheric vacuum breaker - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_vacuum_breaker

   It is usually constructed of brass and resembles a 90-degree elbow with a hood on its top to allow air to enter the water system if a siphon attempts to form. Inside this elbow is a poppet valve that is held "up" by the water pressure found in the system, closing the air entrance to the device. If the pressure in the "upstream side" is reduced ...

6. Pressure vacuum breaker - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_vacuum_breaker

   A pressure vacuum breaker (PVB) is a type of backflow prevention device, used to keep non-potable (or contaminated) water from entering the water supply. A PVB is similar to an atmospheric vacuum breaker (AVB), except that the PVB contains a spring-loaded poppet. This makes it acceptable for applications that are high hazard or where valves are ...

7. Air gap (plumbing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_gap_(plumbing)

   This arrangement prevents any contaminants in the sink from entering into the potable water system by siphonage; this is the simplest form of backflow prevention. A common use of the term "air gap" in domestic plumbing refers to a specialized fixture that provides backflow prevention for an installed dishwasher. This "air gap" is visible above ...