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FISH is a technique that uses fluorescent probes to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA sequences on chromosomes or cells. Learn about the probes, preparation, hybridization, and visualization of FISH for various applications in biology and medicine.
Proteins of the erythrocyte membrane separated by SDS-PAGE according to their molecular masses. SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is a discontinuous electrophoretic system developed by Ulrich K. Laemmli which is commonly used as a method to separate proteins with molecular masses between 5 and 250 kDa.
Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) is a yellow-green compound that can be hydrolyzed by enzymes in microbes or cells. FDA is used to measure enzyme activity, viability, and pancreatic islet suitability.
Flow-FISH (fluorescence in-situ hybridization) is a method to measure the copy number of RNA or specific repetitive elements in genomic DNA of whole cell populations via flow cytometry. It is mainly used to quantify the length of telomeres, which are DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes, in human white blood cells.
Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) is a cytogenetic technique that uses biotin or digoxigenin-labelled probes and bright-field microscopy to detect specific regions of DNA. It is similar to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) but cheaper and easier to use, and has comparable sensitivity and specificity for some applications.
The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) is the highest exposure level of a substance or agent that does not cause any adverse effects in test organisms. It is used in risk assessment and dose-response analysis in drug development and environmental protection.
Microtox is a method that uses Allivibrio fischeri bacteria to detect toxic substances in water, air, soils and sediments. It measures the change in luminescence of the bacteria as an indicator of toxicity and can be applied to various matrices with different sample preparation methods.
MGIT stands for Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube, a broth-based medium that contains a fluorescent compound to detect oxygen consumption by mycobacteria. MGIT is used for the isolation and identification of mycobacteria from clinical specimens, and can be monitored manually or by automated instruments.