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The historic counties of England are areas that were established for administration by the Normans, in many cases based on earlier kingdoms and shires created by the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Celts and others. They are alternatively known as ancient counties, [ 2][ 3] traditional counties, [ 4] former counties[ 5][ 6] or simply as counties. [ 7]
The division of England into shires, later known as counties, began in the Kingdom of Wessex in the mid-Saxon period, many of the Wessex shires representing previously independent kingdoms. With the Wessex conquest of Mercia in the 9th and 10th centuries, the system was extended to central England.
The counties of England are a type of subdivision of England.Counties have been used as administrative areas in England since Anglo-Saxon times. There are three definitions of county in England: the 48 ceremonial counties used for the purposes of lieutenancy; the 84 metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties for local government; [a] and the 39 historic counties which were used for ...
Map of population density in England as at the 2011 census The non-metropolitan counties and unitary authorities of England in 2020 by total population. The demography of England has since 1801 been measured by the decennial national census, and is marked by centuries of population growth and urbanization. Due to the lack of authoritative ...
County Area 1 Yorkshire: 5,961 sq mi 2 Lincolnshire: 2,748 sq mi 3 Devon: 2,579 sq mi 4 Norfolk: 2,092 sq mi 5 Northumberland: 1,871 sq mi 6 Lancashire: 1,831 sq mi 7 Somerset: 1,642 sq mi 8 Hampshire: 1,628 sq mi 9 Kent: 1,537 sq mi 10 Essex: 1,532 sq mi 11 Suffolk: 1,512 sq mi 12 Cumberland: 1,478 sq mi 13 Sussex: 1,463 sq mi 14 Wiltshire ...
Administrative counties were subnational divisions of England used for local government from 1889 to 1974. They were created by the Local Government Act 1888 ( 51 & 52 Vict. c. 41), which established an elected county council for each area. Some geographically large historic counties were divided into several administrative counties, each with ...
The historic counties of Yorkshire, Cumberland, Westmorland, Huntingdonshire and Middlesex are the five defunct ceremonial counties which were historically counties. With their abolition as ceremonial counties, Yorkshire is divided for that purpose into the East Riding of Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and West Yorkshire.
English county histories, in other words historical and topographical (or "chorographical") works concerned with individual ancient counties of England, were produced by antiquarians from the late 16th century onwards. The content was variable: most focused on recording the ownership of estates and the descent of lordships of manors, thus the ...