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  2. Self-serving bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-serving_bias

    A self-serving bias is any cognitive or perceptual process that is distorted by the need to maintain and enhance self-esteem, or the tendency to perceive oneself in an overly favorable manner. [ 1] It is the belief that individuals tend to ascribe success to their own abilities and efforts, but ascribe failure to external factors. [ 2]

  3. Performance appraisal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_appraisal

    A performance appraisal, also referred to as a performance review, performance evaluation, [ 1] (career) development discussion, [ 2] or employee appraisal, sometimes shortened to "PA", [ a] is a periodic and systematic process whereby the job performance of an employee is documented and evaluated. This is done after employees are trained about ...

  4. Bias (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_(statistics)

    Bias (statistics) Statistical bias, in the mathematical field of statistics, is a systematic tendency in which the methods used to gather data and generate statistics present an inaccurate, skewed or biased depiction of reality. Statistical bias exists in numerous stages of the data collection and analysis process, including: the source of the ...

  5. Inter-rater reliability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-rater_reliability

    Inter-rater reliability. In statistics, inter-rater reliability (also called by various similar names, such as inter-rater agreement, inter-rater concordance, inter-observer reliability, inter-coder reliability, and so on) is the degree of agreement among independent observers who rate, code, or assess the same phenomenon.

  6. Framework for authentic intellectual work - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framework_for_authentic...

    The Framework for Authentic Intellectual Work ( AIW) is an evaluative tool used by educators of all subjects at the elementary and secondary levels to assess the quality of classroom instruction, assignments, and student work. The framework was founded by Dr. Dana L. Carmichael, Dr. M. Bruce King, and Dr. Fred M. Newmann.

  7. Norm-referenced test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm-referenced_test

    Norm-referenced test. A norm-referenced test ( NRT) is a type of test, assessment, or evaluation which yields an estimate of the position of the tested individual in a predefined population, with respect to the trait being measured. Assigning scores on such tests may be described as relative grading, marking on a curve ( BrE) or grading on a ...

  8. The Memo: White House plays damage control as peril deepens ...

    www.aol.com/memo-white-house-plays-damage...

    The White House was engaged in a furious round of damage control Wednesday as the crisis around President Biden deepened. Biden’s aides, both at the White House and on his campaign, are seeking ...

  9. Selection bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_bias

    Selection bias is the bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not achieved, thereby failing to ensure that the sample obtained is representative of the population intended to be analyzed. [ 1] It is sometimes referred to as the selection effect.