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Pseudoexfoliation syndrome, often abbreviated as PEX [1] and sometimes as PES or PXS, is an aging-related systemic disease manifesting itself primarily in the eyes which is characterized by the accumulation of microscopic granular amyloid-like protein fibers. [2] Its cause is unknown, although there is speculation that there may be a genetic basis.
It most commonly occurs in people over the age of fifty and in the United States is the most common cause of vision loss in this age group. [1] [3] About 0.4% of people between 50 and 60 have the disease, while it occurs in 0.7% of people 60 to 70, 2.3% of those 70 to 80, and nearly 12% of people over 80 years old. [3]
1 in 4,000 people [1] Retinitis pigmentosa ( RP) is a genetic disorder of the eyes that causes loss of vision. [1] Symptoms include trouble seeing at night and decreasing peripheral vision (side and upper or lower visual field). [1] As peripheral vision worsens, people may experience "tunnel vision". [1] Complete blindness is uncommon. [2]
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
Dry eye syndrome is a common eye disease. [3] It affects 5–34% of people to some degree depending on the population looked at. [5] Among older people it affects up to 70%. [10] In China it affects about 17% of people. [11] The phrase "keratoconjunctivitis sicca" means "dryness of the cornea and conjunctiva" in Latin [12]
Genetic. Diagnostic method. Slit lamp. Treatment. None. Stargardt disease is the most common inherited single-gene retinal disease. [ 1] In terms of the first description of the disease, [ 2] it follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, which has been later linked to bi-allelic ABCA4 gene variants (STGD1).
White dot syndromes. White dot syndromes are inflammatory diseases characterized by the presence of white dots on the fundus, the interior surface of the eye. [ 1] The majority of individuals affected with white dot syndromes are younger than fifty years of age. Some symptoms include blurred vision and visual field loss. [ 2]
Retinopathy, or retinal vascular disease, can be broadly categorized into proliferative and non-proliferative types. Frequently, retinopathy is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease as seen in diabetes or hypertension. [3] Diabetes is the most common cause of retinopathy in the U.S. as of 2008. [4] Diabetic retinopathy is the leading ...
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