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Autophagy has complicated and often competing roles in cancer. There are five distinct stages: initiation, nucleation of the autophagosome, expansion and elongation of the autophagosome...
In this review, we summarize the typical biological mechanism of autophagy, as well as the role of autophagy in cancer, such as in tumor suppression and promotion, cancer-drug resistance, and metastasis.
Growing evidence on how autophagy and related processes affect cancer development and progression has helped guide efforts to design anticancer treatments based on inhibition or promotion of...
Dysfunctional autophagy contributes to many diseases, including cancer. Autophagy can suppress or promote tumors depending on the developmental stage and tumor type, and modulating autophagy for cancer treatment is an interesting therapeutic approach currently under intense investigation.
Depending on the cancer type and stage of cancer, autophagy may have tumor suppressor properties as well as help cancer cells to proliferate and evade cancer therapy. The current review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the autophagy implications in cancer and report the therapeutic opportunities based on the modulation of the ...
Autophagy is dysregulated in distinct pathological conditions, such as infection, aging, neurological disorders and cancer. Autophagy in cancer cells is considered a double-edged sword since, in initial stages of tumorigenesis, it may act as a tumor suppressor by degrading potentially harmful agents or damaged organelles, thus avoiding the ...
In certain cancer therapies, autophagy is indispensable for the modulation of tumour immunity — which suggests that targeting autophagy in combination potentially improves these...
A myriad of studies demonstrate important protective roles for autophagy against disease. However, in cancer, seemingly opposing roles of autophagy are observed in the prevention of early tumour development versus the maintenance and metabolic adaptation of established and metastasizing tumours.
Autophagy is important in normal development and response to changing environmental stimuli and, in addition to its role in cancer, is important in numerous diseases, including bacterial and viral infections, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular disease (2).
In this review, we will explore the connections between autophagy and cancer, which are tumor- and context-dependent and include the tumor microenvironment. We will highlight the importance of tumor compartment-specific autophagy in both cancer aggressiveness and treatment.