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Current versions of Android use the latest Java language and its libraries (but not full graphical user interface (GUI) frameworks), not the Apache Harmony Java implementation, that older versions used. Java 8 source code that works in latest version of Android, can be made to work in older versions of Android. [3]
Android Studio supports all the same programming languages of IntelliJ (and CLion) e.g. Java, C++, and more with extensions, such as Go; [20] and Android Studio 3.0 or later supports Kotlin, [21] and "Android Studio includes support for using a number of Java 11+ APIs without requiring a minimum API level for your app". [22]
On Android Nougat, OpenJDK replaced the now-discontinued Apache Harmony as the Java libraries in the source code of the mobile operating system. Google was in a legal dispute with Oracle over claims of copyright and patent infringement through its use of re-implementations of copyrighted Java APIs via Harmony. While also stating that this ...
The Android Open Source Project implements a verified boot chain with intentions to verify that executed code, such as the kernel or bootloader, comes from an official source instead of a malicious actor. This implementation establishes a full chain of trust, as it initially starts at a hardware level.
Android reuses the Java language syntax and semantics, but it does not provide the full class libraries and APIs bundled with Java SE or ME. [19] However, there are multiple tools in the market from companies such as Myriad Group and UpOnTek that provide Java ME to Android conversion services.
A complete implementation of the Java platform also needs a compiler that translates Java source code into bytecodes, a program that manages JAR files, a debugger, and an applet viewer and web browser plugin, to name a few. Harmony has the compiler, appletviewer, jarsigner, javah, javap, keytool, policytool, and unpack200. [38]
Android phones, like this Nexus S running Replicant, allow installation of apps from the Play Store, F-Droid store or directly via APK files. This is a list of notable applications ( apps ) that run on the Android platform which meet guidelines for free software and open-source software .
Android SDK. The Android SDK is a software development kit for the Android software ecosystem that includes a comprehensive set of development tools. [2] [3] These include a debugger, libraries, a handset emulator based on QEMU, documentation, sample code, and tutorials.