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To understand Einstein's equations as partial differential equations, it is helpful to formulate them in a way that describes the evolution of the universe over time. This is done in "3+1" formulations, where spacetime is split into three space dimensions and one time dimension. The best-known example is the ADM formalism. [174]
A star is a massive luminous spheroid astronomical object made of plasma that is held together by its own gravity.Stars exhibit great diversity in their properties (such as mass, volume, velocity, stage in stellar evolution, and distance from Earth) and some of the outliers are so disproportionate in comparison with the general population that they are considered extreme.
Equatorial gravity: m/s 2 g: 274.0 27.94 Escape velocity: km/s: 617.7 Rotation period days: 25.38 Orbital period about Galactic Center [4] million years 225–250 Mean orbital speed [4] km/s: ≈ 220 Axial tilt to the ecliptic: deg. 7.25 Axial tilt to the galactic plane: deg. 67.23 Mean surface temperature: K: 5,778 Mean coronal temperature [5 ...
Before their demise, the hypothetical metal-free Population III stars would have had the highest allowed mass, somewhere around 300 M ☉. In theory, a more massive star could not hold itself together because of the mass loss resulting from the outflow of stellar material.
K2-38b, also designated EPIC 204221263 b, is a massive rocky exoplanet closely orbiting a Sun-like star and is one of the densest planets ever found.Discovered in 2016 by Crossfield et al. and later characterized by Sinukoff et al., K2-38b is a rocky super-Earth about 55% larger than Earth (nearly 20,000 km wide) but about 12 times more massive (around 7.2*10^25 kg, a bit less than Uranus ...
Average surface gravity; Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Star: 1.4 g/cm 3. Sun [7] [8] 5778 K. ... Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Sun: N/A ...
It has an estimated mass-loss rate of 0.0017 M ☉ (566 Earths) per year, the highest for any star. [107] HV 5618 1,163 [104] Large Magellanic Cloud L/T eff: HV 2242 1,160 [108] – 1,180 [104] Large Magellanic Cloud L/T eff: LMC 25320 1,156 [104] Large Magellanic Cloud L/T eff: SMC 18592 1,129 [104] Small Magellanic Cloud L/T eff: MSX SMC 018 ...
Discovered through gamma-ray burst mapping. Largest-known regular formation in the observable universe. [8] Huge-LQG (2012–2013) 4,000,000,000 [9] [10] [11] Decoupling of 73 quasars. Largest-known large quasar group and the first structure found to exceed 3 billion light-years. "The Giant Arc" (2021) 3,300,000,000 [12] Located 9.2 billion ...