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The Tsardom of Russia, [a] also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, [b] was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. [11]
The Russian Federation has several official national symbols including a historical document, a flag, an emblem, a national anthem. The current design of the national flag is the same as the Russian Empire and was officially adopted again after the dissolution of the Soviet Union .
The nation of Russia has designed and used various flags throughout history. Listed in this article are flags — federal, administrative, military, etc. — used between the time of the Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721), Russian Empire (1721–1917) and today's Russian Federation (1991–present day).
Tsar Alexander II's Flag of the Russian Empire (1858–1896) Russian flag during WWI on a postcard (1914–1917) [a] The Russian tricolour flag was adopted as a merchant flag at rivers in 1705. These colours of the flag of Russia would later inspire the choice of the " Pan-Slavic colours " by the Prague Slavic Congress, 1848 .
Meanwhile, Russia decided to sell the indefensible Russian America to the United States for 11 million rubles (7.2 million dollars) in 1867. [65] Initially, many Americans considered this newly gained territory to be a wasteland and useless, and saw the government wasting money, [66] but later, much gold and petroleum were discovered. [67]
The formal end to Tatar rule over Russia was the defeat of the Tatars at the Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480. Ivan III (r. 1462–1505) and Vasili III (r. 1505–1533) had consolidated the centralized Russian state following the annexations of the Novgorod Republic in 1478, Tver in 1485, the Pskov Republic in 1510, Volokolamsk in 1513, Ryazan in 1521, and Novgorod-Seversk in 1522.
Blue and red flags with St. Andrew's flag in the cantons were abolished in 1732–43, 1764–97 (finally abolished in 1865). In 1819 St. George's ensign was established as a reward flag — St. Andrew's flag with the image of St. George placed on a red shield in the centre. It was awarded to the line ship Azov (1827) and the brig Mercurii (1829).
The Polish–Russian War [b] was a conflict fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia from 1609 to 1618.. Russia had been experiencing the Time of Troubles since the death of Tsar Feodor I in 1598, which caused political instability and a violent succession crisis upon the extinction of the Rurik dynasty; furthermore, a major famine ravaged the country from ...