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Ammonia forms 1:1 adducts with a variety of Lewis acids such as I 2, phenol, and Al(CH 3) 3. Ammonia is a hard base (HSAB theory) and its E & C parameters are E B = 2.31 and C B = 2.04. Its relative donor strength toward a series of acids, versus other Lewis bases, can be illustrated by C-B plots.
Sulfur sticks are tools used in industrial ammonia refrigeration systems to detect minor ammonia leaks. A sulfur stick is made from a wick which contains particles of sulfur. The sulfur stick is lit and burns with an open flame, [1] and the color of the sulfur smoke is used to find the leak. When there is no ammonia present, the smoke is ...
Ammonia is toxic to aquatic life which leads to increased amounts of fish deaths. [6] Ammonia pollution also leads to eutrophication. Eutrophication is the growth of algae that kills other aquatic life and creates dead zones. Ammonia pollution affects freshwater and salt water ecosystems differently due to physical and chemical differences.
The detection method used by people sniffers depended on chemical compounds that are emitted only by human beings, [1] such as those found in urine and sweat. [2] The technology was developed by General Electric for the Army's Chemical Corps. Sweat, being partially composed of ammonia, when combined with hydrochloric acid produces ammonium ...
In a photoionization detector, high-energy photons, typically in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) range, break molecules into positively charged ions. [2] As compounds enter the detector they are bombarded by high-energy UV photons and are ionized when they absorb the UV light, resulting in ejection of electrons and the formation of positively charged ions.
Since the detection mechanism involves the oxidation or reduction of the gas, electrochemical sensors are usually only suitable for electrochemically active gases, though it is possible to detect electrochemically inert gases indirectly if the gas interacts with another species in the sensor that then produces a response. [3]
Phenol in the Berthelot reagent can be replaced by a variety of phenolic reagents, the most common being sodium salicylate, which is significantly less toxic. [1] This has been used for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) determinations and commonly is used to determine water and soil total and ammonia-N. Replacement of phenol by 2-phenylphenol reduces interferences by a variety of soil and water ...
NaOH reacts the ammonium (NH 4 +) to ammonia (NH 3), which boils off the sample solution. Ammonia bubbles through the standard acid solution and reacts back to ammonium salts with the weak or strong acid. [3] Ammonium ion concentration in the acid solution, and thus the amount of nitrogen in the sample, is measured via titration.