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The grain per gallon (gpg) is a unit of water hardness defined as 1 grain (64.8 milligrams) of calcium carbonate dissolved in 1 US gallon of water (3.785412 L). It translates into 1 part in about 58,000 parts of water or 17.1 parts per million (ppm). Also called Clark degree (in terms of an imperial gallon).
Water hardness is often not expressed as a molar concentration, but rather in various units, such as degrees of general hardness , German degrees (°dH), parts per million (ppm, mg/L, or American degrees), grains per gallon (gpg), English degrees (°e, e, or °Clark), or French degrees (°fH, °f or °HF; lowercase f is used to prevent ...
[14] [15] Otherwise, water hardness is measured in the dimensionless unit of parts per million (ppm), numerically equivalent to concentration measured in milligrams per litre. [14] [15] One grain per U.S. gallon is approximately 17.1 ppm. [14] [note 1] Soft water contains 1–4 gpg of calcium carbonate equivalents, while hard water contains 11 ...
Carbonate hardness, is a measure of the water hardness caused by the presence of carbonate (CO 2− 3) and bicarbonate (HCO − 3) anions. Carbonate hardness is usually expressed either in degrees KH (from the German "Karbonathärte"), or in parts per million calcium carbonate ( ppm CaCO 3 or grams CaCO 3 per litre|mg/L).
Mohs hardness of materials (data page) Vickers hardness test; Brinell scale This page was last edited on ...
In water testing hardness is often measured in parts per million (ppm), where one part per million is defined as one milligram of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) per litre of water. Consequently, 1 dGH corresponds to 10 ppm CaO but 17.848 ppm CaCO 3 which has a molar mass of 100.09 g/mol.
14] Water can be classified by the level of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the water: Fresh water: TDS is less than 1,000 ppm. Brackish water: TDS = 1,000 to 10,000 ppm. Saline water: TDS = 10,000 to 35,000 ppm. Hypersaline: TDS greater than 35,000 ppm. Drinking water generally has a TDS below 500 ppm.
Drinking water quality standards describes the quality parameters set for drinking water. ... mg/L = 1 ppm, or 1000 μg/L. * ... hardness CaCO3 0–75 mg/L = soft 300 ...
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