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Pea (pisum in Latin) is a pulse, vegetable or fodder crop, but the word often refers to the seed or sometimes the pod of this flowering plant species. Carl Linnaeus gave the species the scientific name Pisum sativum in 1753 (meaning cultivated pea).
Roots of Vicia with white root nodules visible. Cross-section through a root nodule of Vicia observed through a microscope. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF, performed by the organisms called diazotrophs ) is a very old process that probably originated in the Archean eon when the primitive atmosphere lacked oxygen .
Archaeological evidence suggests that these peas must have been grown in the eastern Mediterranean and Mesopotamian regions at least 5,000 years ago and in Britain as early as the 11th century. [38] The soybean was domesticated around 5,000 years ago in China from a descendant of the wild vine Glycine soja.
Root nodules apparently have evolved three times within the Fabaceae but are rare outside that family. The propensity of these plants to develop root nodules seems to relate to their root structure. In particular, a tendency to develop lateral roots in response to abscisic acid may enable the later evolution of root nodules. [21]
Peanut flower. The peanut is an annual herbaceous plant growing 30 to 50 centimetres (12 to 20 in) tall. [9] As a legume, it belongs to the botanical family Fabaceae, also known as Leguminosae, and commonly known as the legume, bean, or pea family. [1]
Adventitious roots arise out-of-sequence from the more usual root formation of branches of a primary root, and instead originate from the stem, branches, leaves, or old woody roots. They commonly occur in monocots and pteridophytes, but also in many dicots , such as clover ( Trifolium ), ivy ( Hedera ), strawberry ( Fragaria ) and willow ( Salix ).
Lathyrus / ˈ l æ θ ɪ r ə s / [3] is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, and contains approximately 160 species.Commonly known as peavines or vetchlings, [1] they are native to temperate areas, with a breakdown of 52 species in Europe, 30 species in North America, 78 in Asia, 24 in tropical East Africa, and 24 in temperate South America. [4]
Cicer arietinum noir – MHNT. The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, [2] [3] cultivated for its edible seeds. . Its different types are variously known as gram [4] [5] or Bengal gram; [5] chhola, chhana, chana, or channa; garbanzo [5] or garbanzo bean; or Egyptian pea.