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Fat necrosis is necrosis affecting fat tissue (adipose tissue). [1] The term is well-established in medical terminology despite not denoting a specific pattern of necrosis. [ 2 ] Fat necrosis may result from various injuries to adipose tissue, including: physical trauma, enzymatic digestion of adipocytes by lipases , [ 3 ] radiation therapy ...
Pancreatic panniculitis (also known as enzymatic panniculitis, Pancreatic fat necrosis, [10] and subcutaneous fat necrosis) is a panniculitis most commonly associated with pancreatic carcinoma, and more rarely with anatomic pancreatic abnormalities, pseudocysts, or drug-induced pancreatitis. [2]: 493
The term "necrosis" came about in the mid-19th century and is commonly attributed to German pathologist Rudolf Virchow, who is often regarded as one of the founders of modern pathology. [2] Necrosis is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue, such as infection, or trauma which result in the unregulated digestion of cell components.
Caseous necrosis in T.B. is most common site of dystrophic calcification. Liquefactive necrosis in chronic abscesses may get calcified. Fat necrosis following acute pancreatitis or traumatic fat necrosis in breasts results in deposition of calcium soaps. Infarcts may undergo D.C. Thrombi, especially in veins, may produce phleboliths.
Recurrent ulceration and fat necrosis is associated with lipodermatosclerosis. In advanced lipodermatosclerosis the proximal leg swells from chronic venous obstruction and the lower leg shrinks from chronic ulceration and fat necrosis resulting in the inverted coke bottle appearance of the lower leg.
The rates of fat embolism in long bone fractures vary from 1% to 30%. The mortality rate of fat-embolism syndrome is approximately 10–20%. [7] However, fat globules have been detected in 67% of those with orthopaedic trauma and can reach as high as 95% if the blood is sampled near the fracture site.
Lipoatrophy is most commonly seen in patients treated with thymidine analogues and other older HIV drug treatments such as the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs] [9] like zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (d4T). [10] Other lipodystrophies manifest as lipid redistribution, with excess, or lack of, fat in various regions of the body ...
Cullen's sign is superficial edema and bruising in the subcutaneous fatty tissue around the umbilicus.. It is named for gynecologist Thomas Stephen Cullen (1869–1953), [1] who first described the sign in ruptured ectopic pregnancy in 1916.