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Mirza Ghalib is considered one of the leading literary authority on Urdu poetry. [3] He lived in Delhi [4] and died in 1869. The literal meaning of shayar (shaa'ir) is poet. [5] There are more than 30 types of Urdu poetry, also known as shayari. Examples of shayari are ghazal, sher, nazm, marsiya, qita and many more. [6]
Urdu's use was not confined only to northern India – it had been used as a literary medium for Indian writers from the Bombay Presidency, Bengal, Orissa Province, and Tamil Nadu as well. [153] As Urdu and Hindi became means of religious and social construction for Muslims and Hindus respectively, each register developed its own script.
The language of Urdu reached its pinnacle under the British Raj, and it received official status. All famous writers of Urdu language including Ghalib and Iqbal were given British scholarships. [1] Following the Partition of India in 1947, it found major poets and scholars were divided along the nationalistic lines. However, Urdu poetry is ...
Rekhta is an Indian web portal started by Rekhta Foundation, a non-profit organisation dedicated to the preservation and promotion of the Urdu literature. [4] The Rekhta Library Project, its books preservation initiative, has successfully digitized approximately 200,000 books over a span of ten years. [5]
The language continued to be called "Hindi", "Hindustani", as well as "Urdu". [2] [19] While Urdu retained the grammar and core Sanskritic and Prakritic vocabulary of Khariboli, it adopted the Nastaliq writing system. [2] [20] [21] [22] Urdu, like Hindi, is a form of the same language—Hindustani. [23]
Note that Hindi–Urdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra consonants) and the Gurmukhi script can be easily converted to the Devanagari script.
The Urdu ghazal makes use of two main rhymes: the radif and qaafiya. [9] The radif is a repeating refrain consisting of a single word or short phrase that ends every second line in the ghazal. [9] However, in the matla, the first she'r of a ghazal, the radif will end both lines of the she'r. [8] The qaafiya is a rhyming syllable that precedes ...
Nazm is a significant genre of Urdu and Sindhi poetry; the other one is known as ghazal. Nazm is significantly written by controlling one’s thoughts and feelings, which are constructively discussed as well as developed and finally, concluded, according to the poetic laws.