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The prognosis of schizophrenia is varied at the individual level. In general it has great human and economics costs. [ 1 ] It results in a decreased life expectancy of 12–15 years primarily due to its association with obesity , little exercise, and smoking , while an increased rate of suicide plays a lesser role. [ 1 ]
Schizophrenia affects around 0.3–0.7% of the general population at some point in life (i.e. lifetime prevalence), [1] or 21 million people worldwide as of 2020 (about one of every 285). [2] By using precise methods in its diagnosis and a large, representative population, schizophrenia seems to occur with relative consistency over time during ...
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder [17] [7] characterized variously by hallucinations ... [231] [232] This may lead to hyponatremia which can be life-threatening.
In fact, catatonia was a subtype of schizophrenia as recently as the DSM-III, and was not revised to be able to be applied to mood disorders until 1994 with the release of the DSM-IV. In the latter half of the 20th century, clinicians observed that catatonia occurred in various psychiatric and medical conditions, not exclusively in schizophrenia.
Akathisia is also associated with threatening behaviour and physical aggression in mentally disordered patients. [8] However, the attempts to find potential links between akathisia and emerging suicidal or homicidal behaviour were not systematic and were mostly based on a limited number of case reports and small case series. [9]
Patients with schizophrenia have the lowest risk of being hospitalized, likely due to frequent encounters with case managers to manage the chronic and persistent symptoms of schizophrenia. [ 12 ] To reduce the occurrence of institutional recidivism, the Georgia chapter of the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) created the Opening Doors ...
[152] [153] Stressful life events generally precede the onset of schizophrenia. [154] A personal or recent family history of migration is a considerable risk factor for schizophrenia, which has been linked to psychosocial adversity, social defeat from being an outsider, racial discrimination , family dysfunction, unemployment , and poor housing ...
Schizophreniform disorder is a type of mental illness that is characterized by psychosis and closely related to schizophrenia.Both schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), have the same symptoms and essential features except for two differences: the level of functional impairment and the duration of symptoms.