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Additional researched vinca alkaloids include vincaminol, vineridine, and vinburnine. Vinpocetine is a semi-synthetic derivative of vincamine (sometimes described as "a synthetic ethyl ester of apovincamine"). [14] Minor vinca alkaloids include minovincine, methoxyminovincine, minovincinine, vincadifformine, desoxyvincaminol, and vincamajine ...
Vincamine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid found in the leaves of Vinca minor (lesser periwinkle), comprising about 25–65% of its indole alkaloids by weight. It can also be synthesized from related alkaloids. [1]
Vinca alkaloids were originally manufactured by extracting them from Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar Periwinkle). [1] Podophyllum spp. Two chemotherapy drugs, etoposide and teniposide, are synthetic chemical compounds similar in chemical structure to the toxin podophyllotoxin which is found in Podophyllum peltatum (May Apple). [1] Taxus brevifolia
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The alkaloids are a large group of natural products which are classified according to the part-structure which members of a particular group contain. Akuammicine is a monoterpene indole alkaloid of the Vinca sub-group which shares a common biosynthesis with other members, namely that they are derived from strictosidine.
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Vinpocetine (ethyl apovincaminate) is a synthetic derivative of the vinca alkaloid vincamine, differing by the removal of a hydroxyl group and by being the ethyl rather than the methyl ester of the underlying carboxylic acid. Vincamine is extracted from either the seeds of Voacanga africana or the leaves of Vinca minor (lesser periwinkle).
Vinca difformis in habitat, Cáceres, Spain. Vinca plants are subshrubs or herbaceous, and have slender trailing stems 1–2 m (3 + 1 ⁄ 2 – 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 ft) long but not growing more than 20–70 cm (8– 27 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) above ground; the stems frequently take root where they touch the ground, enabling the plant to spread widely.