Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
An OTDR. An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is an optoelectronic instrument used to characterize an optical fiber.It is the optical equivalent of an electronic time domain reflectometer which measures the impedance of the cable or transmission line under test.
A block diagram of a PID controller in a feedback loop. r(t) is the desired process variable (PV) or setpoint (SP), and y(t) is the measured PV. The distinguishing feature of the PID controller is the ability to use the three control terms of proportional, integral and derivative influence on the controller output to apply accurate and optimal ...
A block diagram is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks. [1] They are heavily used in engineering in hardware design , electronic design , software design , and process flow diagrams .
With system identification, the plant model is identified by acquiring and processing raw data from a real-world system and choosing a mathematical algorithm with which to identify a mathematical model. Various kinds of analysis and simulations can be performed using the identified model before it is used to design a model-based controller.
This “big picture” diagram serves as a reference in the communication with all involved stakeholders of the project. Later on, the high-level diagram is iteratively refined to model technical details of the system. Complementary diagrams for processes observed in the system or value domains found in the system are introduced as needed.
OTN multiplexing and mapping structures. Show the relationship between ODU Clients, ODU, ODU-Groups and OTU. OTN was designed to provide higher throughput (currently 400G) than its predecessor SONET/SDH, which stops at 40 Gbit/s, per channel.
The block diagram on the right shows the second-order moving-average filter discussed below. The transfer function is: = + + = + +. The next figure shows the corresponding pole–zero diagram. Zero frequency (DC) corresponds to (1, 0), positive frequencies advancing counterclockwise around the circle to the Nyquist frequency at (−1, 0).
The subsequent design phase refines the analysis model and makes the needed technology and other implementation choices. In object-oriented design the emphasis is on describing the various objects, their data, behavior, and interactions. The design model should have all the details required so that programmers can implement the design in code. [4]