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  2. Henderson–Hasselbalch equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson–Hasselbalch...

    The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a solution containing a mixture of the two components to the acid dissociation constant, K a of the acid, and the concentrations of the species in solution. [6] Simulated titration of an acidified solution of a weak acid (pK a = 4.7) with alkali

  3. pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

    At 25 °C (77 °F), solutions of which the pH is less than 7 are acidic, and solutions of which the pH is greater than 7 are basic. Solutions with a pH of 7 at 25 °C are neutral (i.e. have the same concentration of H + ions as OH − ions, i.e. the same as pure water). The neutral value of the pH depends on the temperature and is lower than 7 ...

  4. Buffer solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_solution

    In the case of citric acid, the overlap is extensive and solutions of citric acid are buffered over the whole range of pH 2.5 to 7.5. Calculation of the pH with a polyprotic acid requires a speciation calculation to be performed. In the case of citric acid, this entails the solution of the two equations of mass balance:

  5. RICE chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RICE_chart

    The pH can be calculated using an ICE table. Note that in this example, we are assuming that the acid is not very weak, and that the concentration is not very dilute, so that the concentration of [OH −] ions can be neglected. This is equivalent to the assumption that the final pH will be below about 6 or so. See pH calculations for more details.

  6. Neutralization (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralization_(chemistry)

    pH = ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ pK w + ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ log (1 + ⁠ T A / K a ⁠) With a dilute solution of the weak acid, the term 1 + ⁠ T A / K a ⁠ is equal to ⁠ T A / K a ⁠ to a good approximation. If pK w = 14, pH = 7 + (pK a + log T A)/2. This equation explains the following facts: The pH at the end-point depends mainly on the strength of the ...

  7. Acid–base titration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid–base_titration

    The pH after the equivalence point depends on the concentration of the conjugate base of the weak acid and the strong base of the titrant. However, the base of the titrant is stronger than the conjugate base of the acid. Therefore, the pH in this region is controlled by the strong base. As such the pH can be found using the following: [1]

  8. Weak base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_base

    Bases are proton acceptors; a base will receive a hydrogen ion from water, H 2 O, and the remaining H + concentration in the solution determines pH. A weak base will have a higher H + concentration than a stronger base because it is less completely protonated than a stronger base and, therefore, more hydrogen ions remain in its solution.

  9. Acid neutralizing capacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_neutralizing_capacity

    Acid-neutralizing capacity or ANC in short is a measure for the overall buffering capacity against acidification of a solution, e.g. surface water or soil water.. ANC is defined as the difference between cations of strong bases and anions of strong acids (see below), or dynamically as the amount of acid needed to change the pH value from the sample's value to a chosen different value. [1]