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Nitrobenzene is an aromatic nitro compound and the simplest of the nitrobenzenes, with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 NO 2. It is a water-insoluble pale yellow oil with an almond -like odor. It freezes to give greenish-yellow crystals.
Several methods have been described for the production of aryl hydroxylamines from aryl nitro compounds: Raney nickel and hydrazine at 0-10 °C [15] Electrolytic reduction [16] Zinc metal in aqueous ammonium chloride [17] Catalytic Rhodium on carbon with excess hydrazine monohydrate at room temperature [18]
The reaction was first used by Antoine Béchamp to reduce nitronaphthalene and nitrobenzene to naphthylamine and aniline, respectively. [3] The Béchamp reduction is broadly applicable to aromatic nitro compounds. [4] [5] Aliphatic nitro compounds are however more difficult to reduce, often remaining as the hydroxylamine. Tertiary aliphatic ...
Hexanitrobenzene, also known as HNB, is a nitrobenzene compound in which six nitro groups are bonded to all six positions of a central benzene ring. It is a high- density explosive compound with chemical formula C 6 N 6 O 12 , obtained by oxidizing the amine group of pentanitroaniline with hydrogen peroxide in sulfuric acid .
If the benzene ring contains other substituents, it belongs in Category:Nitrobenzene derivatives Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nitrobenzenes . The main article for this category is Nitrobenzenes .
Benzidine is prepared in a two step process from nitrobenzene. First, the nitrobenzene is converted to 1,2-diphenylhydrazine , usually using iron powder as the reducing agent. Treatment of this hydrazine with mineral acids induces a rearrangement reaction to 4,4'-benzidine.
Some polymer solutions also have a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) or lower bound to a temperature range of partial miscibility. As shown in the diagram, for polymer solutions the LCST is higher than the UCST, so that there is a temperature interval of complete miscibility, with partial miscibility at both higher and lower temperatures.
The mechanism of the Bamberger rearrangement proceeds from the monoprotonation of N-phenylhydroxylamine 1.N-protonation 2 is favored, but unproductive. O-protonation 3 can form the nitrenium ion 4, which can react with nucleophiles (H 2 O) to form the desired 4-aminophenol 5.