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Nitrobenzene is an aromatic nitro compound and the simplest of the nitrobenzenes, with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 NO 2. It is a water-insoluble pale yellow oil with an almond -like odor. It freezes to give greenish-yellow crystals.
The reaction was first used by Antoine Béchamp to reduce nitronaphthalene and nitrobenzene to naphthylamine and aniline, respectively. [3] The Béchamp reduction is broadly applicable to aromatic nitro compounds. [4] [5] Aliphatic nitro compounds are however more difficult to reduce, often remaining as the hydroxylamine. Tertiary aliphatic ...
Antione Bechamp described a process for reducing nitrobenzene to aniline in 1854, known as the Bechamp Process, making the production of aniline easy. [12] Widespread isolation of phenol from coal tar, made its nitration more economical, generally the path of the synthesis flowed: coal tar → nitrobenzene → aniline → dyes. [13]
Several methods have been described for the production of aryl hydroxylamines from aryl nitro compounds: Raney nickel and hydrazine at 0-10 °C [15] Electrolytic reduction [16] Zinc metal in aqueous ammonium chloride [17] Catalytic Rhodium on carbon with excess hydrazine monohydrate at room temperature [18]
If the benzene ring contains other substituents, it belongs in Category:Nitrobenzene derivatives Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nitrobenzenes . The main article for this category is Nitrobenzenes .
Pages in category "Nitrobenzene derivatives" The following 101 pages are in this category, out of 101 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. 0–9. 2C-N;
Chloramphenicol is a rare example of a naturally occurring nitro compound. At least some naturally occurring nitro groups arose by the oxidation of amino groups. [17] 2-Nitrophenol is an aggregation pheromone of ticks. Examples of nitro compounds are rare in nature. 3-Nitropropionic acid found in fungi and plants .
The mechanism of the Bamberger rearrangement proceeds from the monoprotonation of N-phenylhydroxylamine 1.N-protonation 2 is favored, but unproductive. O-protonation 3 can form the nitrenium ion 4, which can react with nucleophiles (H 2 O) to form the desired 4-aminophenol 5.