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The canthus (pl.: canthi, palpebral commissures) is either corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet. [1] More specifically, the inner and outer canthi are, respectively, the medial and lateral ends/angles of the palpebral fissure .
The lacrimal caruncle is found at the medial canthus of the eye. [1] It consists of skin, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, accessory lacrimal tissue and other tissues that are present in the skin and accessory lacrimal glands. [1] [2] Its non-keratinized epithelium resembles the conjunctival epithelium. [2]
An epicanthic fold or epicanthus [6] is a skin fold of the upper eyelid that covers the inner corner (medial canthus) of the eye. [3] However, variation occurs in the nature of this feature and the possession of "partial epicanthic folds" or "slight epicanthic folds" is noted in the relevant literature.
The plica semilunaris is a small fold of bulbar conjunctiva on the medial canthus of the eye.It functions during movement of the eye, to help maintain tear drainage via the lacrimal lake, and to permit greater rotation of the globe, for without the plica the conjunctiva would attach directly to the eyeball, restricting movement. [1]
The anterior attachment of the medial palpebral ligament is to the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove (near the nasal bone and the frontal bone), [1] and its posterior attachment is the lacrimal bone.
The fissure may be increased in vertical height in Graves' disease, which is manifested as Dalrymple's sign.It is seen in disorders such as cri-du-chat syndrome. In animal studies using four times the therapeutic concentration of the ophthalmic solution latanoprost, the size of the palpebral fissure can be increased.
Canthotomy (also called lateral canthotomy and canthotomy with cantholysis) is a surgical procedure where the lateral canthus, or corner, of the eye is cut to relieve the fluid pressure inside or behind the eye, known as intraocular pressure (IOC). [1]
The preorbital gland is a paired exocrine gland found in many species of artiodactyls, which is homologous to the lacrimal gland found in humans. These glands are trenchlike slits of dark blue to black, nearly bare skin extending from the medial canthus of each eye.