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Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common type of muscular dystrophy, [3] with a median life expectancy of 27–31 years. [5] [11] However, with comprehensive care, some individuals may live into their 30s or 40s. [3] Duchenne muscular dystrophy is considerably rarer in females, occurring in approximately one in 50,000,000 live female ...
Many affected people will eventually become unable to walk [2] and Duchenne muscular dystrophy in particular is associated with shortened life expectancy. Muscular dystrophy was first described in the 1830s by Charles Bell. [2] The word "dystrophy" comes from the Greek dys, meaning "no, un-" and troph-meaning "nourish". [2]
Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), also called Duchenne–Aran disease and Duchenne–Aran muscular atrophy, is a disorder characterised by the degeneration of lower motor neurons, resulting in generalised, progressive loss of muscle function.
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare form of muscular dystrophy with symptoms generally starting when an individual is 40 to 50 years old. It can be autosomal dominant neuromuscular disease or autosomal recessive. The most common inheritance of OPMD is autosomal dominant, which means only one copy of the mutated gene needs to be ...
DM1 is the most common form of myotonic muscular dystrophy diagnosed in children, with a prevalence ranging from 1 per 100,000 in Japan to 3–15 per 100,000 in Europe. [13] The prevalence may be as high as 1 in 500 in regions such as Quebec, possibly due to the founder effect. The incidence of congenital myotonic dystrophy is thought to be ...
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of heritable diseases that cause degeneration of muscle and progressive weakness. Per the name , FSHD tends to sequentially weaken the muscles of the face , those that position the scapula , and those overlying the humerus bone of the upper arm.
The minimum prevalence of limb–girdle muscular dystrophy, as a group, likely ranges 2.27–10 per 100,000 (1:44,000 to 1:10,000). [6] LGMD is the fourth most common muscular dystrophy, after the dystrophinopathies, myotonic dystrophies, and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. [26]
[12] [15] Patients display muscle weakness and cerebellar and ocular malformations, with a life expectancy of less than 1 year. [ 9 ] [ 15 ] An additional dystroglycanopathy phenotype is Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) caused by a mutation in the Fukutin (FKTN) gene, which is the second most common type of muscular dystrophy in ...