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Elemental iron is virtually absent on the Earth's surface except as iron-nickel alloys from meteorites and very rare forms of deep mantle xenoliths.Although iron is the fourth most abundant element in Earth's crust, composing about 5% by weight, [4] the vast majority is bound in silicate or, more rarely, carbonate minerals, and smelting pure iron from these minerals would require a prohibitive ...
The high demand for iron necessitates continuous mining and processing, which generates a large amount of solid and liquid waste. Iron ore tailings are leftover materials that are released once mineral processing is complete. [10] This waste includes large amounts of iron and manganese oxides in addition to high pH values. [11]
Erie Mining Company previously mined ore and testing to mine new minerals is ongoing. Keewatin (pop. 1,068) is between Nashwauk and Hibbing. It is home to U.S. Steel's KeeTac taconite mining and processing plant. Kinney (pop. 169) is an old mining boomtown on the Iron Range, between Buhl and Mountain Iron.
Iron mines of the era exploited the "natural" (soft) iron-rich ores in a 15 kilometer-long stretch in the central portion of the range straddling the Michigan-Wisconsin state line. These mines were mainly of the underground shaft type, which were among the deepest iron mines in the country.
The only recently operating iron mine in the US outside the Lake Superior area was the Iron Mountain mine, formerly called the Comstock-Mountain Lion mine, west of Cedar City, in Iron County, Utah. The mine shut down in October 2014. [6] Operated by CML Metals, Inc. the mine produced ore with 54% iron.
The primary underground mining method used was known as cut and fill. This involved mining the ceiling and using Ely Greenstone and other waste rock to artificially raise the floor at the same rate as the ceiling was being mined out. As a result, the floor and ceiling were always 10–20 feet (3–6 m) apart.
Collecting drainage in the Iron Mountain Mine. The mine is located at in the Klamath Mountains of Shasta County, about 9 miles northwest of ReddingThe mine area is drained by several creeks which ultimately enter the Spring Creek Reservoir, formed by the Spring Creek Dam, and finally the Keswick Reservoir formed by a dam across the Sacramento River.
Cliffs Shaft Mine Museum; Dorney Road Landfill; Franklin Furnace; Hibernia mines; Hill-Annex Mine State Park; Hull–Rust–Mahoning Open Pit Iron Mine; The Iron Mine, Port Henry, New York; Iron Mountain (Utah) Iron Mountain District; Iron Mountain Mine; Jackson Mine; Lake Vermilion-Soudan Underground Mine State Park; Lyon Mountain, New York