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  2. External financing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_financing

    If the source of financing is within the company itself, it is referred to as internal financing; otherwise, it is external financing. The limit of external financing lies in the maintenance of liquidity, [ 1 ] because the debt service (loan interest and repayment) for the existing external financing burdens liquidity as expenses.

  3. Pecking order theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecking_order_theory

    In corporate finance, the pecking order theory (or pecking order model) postulates that [1] "firms prefer to finance their investments internally, using retained earnings, before turning to external sources of financing such as debt or equity" - i.e. there is a "pecking order" when it comes to financing decisions.

  4. Entrepreneurial finance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneurial_finance

    Entrepreneurial finance is the study of value and resource allocation, applied to new ventures.It addresses key questions which challenge all entrepreneurs: how much money can and should be raised; when should it be raised and from whom; what is a reasonable valuation of the startup; and how should funding contracts and exit decisions be structured.

  5. Open textbook - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_textbook

    A portion of the expense of college textbooks is offset by the easy access to material provided by open source textbooks. While certain open source textbooks can be used for free, others have a nominal usage fee. A digital copy of a printed book that can be read on computers, tablets, and smartphones is called an electronic book, or ebook for ...

  6. Funding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funding

    Generally, this word is used when a firm uses its internal reserves to satisfy its necessity for cash, while the term financing is used when the firm acquires capital from external sources. [citation needed] Sources of funding include credit, venture capital, donations, grants, savings, subsidies, and taxes.

  7. Redistribution of income and wealth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redistribution_of_income...

    In case irrigation water is not free of cost then the deduction would be five percent, while Zakat is a major instrument of restricting the excessive accumulation of wealth and helping the poor and most vulnerable members of the society, Secondly, usury, or charging interest, is prohibited. Elimination of interest from the economic system is a ...

  8. Absolute advantage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_advantage

    In economics, the principle of absolute advantage is the ability of a party (an individual, or firm, or country) to produce a good or service more efficiently than its competitors.

  9. External commercial borrowing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_Commercial_Borrowing

    The DEA (Department of Economic Affairs), Ministry of Finance, Government of India along with Reserve Bank of India, monitors and regulates ECB guidelines and policies. Most of these loans are provided by foreign commercial banks and other institutions. During the 2012, contribution of ECBs was between 20 and 35 percent of the total capital ...